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Korean J Pancreas Biliary Tract > Volume 4(1):1999 > Article
The Korean Journal of Pancreas and Biliary Tract 1999;4(1):6-14.
유두 괄약근 절개술후의 출혈; 발생 빈도, 위험 인자 및 내시경적 지혈 치료
김홍자, 임병철, 유교상, 박은택, 서동완, 이성구, 김명환, 민영일
울산대학교 의과대학 서울중앙병원 소화기내과
Sphincterotomy-Induced Hemorrhage; Prevalence, Risk Factors and Endoscopic Hemostasis
Hong Ja Kim, Byeong Cheol Lim, Kyo Sang Yoo, Eun Taek Park, Dong Wan Seo, Sung Koo Lee, Myung Hwan Kim, Young Il Min
Department of Internal Medicin, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
Corresponding author:  Hong Ja Kim,
ABSTRACT
Background/Aims:
Endoscopic biliary sphincterotomy (EST)-induced hemorrhage occurs in approximately 0.5~12% of procedures. We prospectively investigated the risk factors of EST-induced hemorrhage and evaluated its safety as well as the effectiveness of endoscopic hemostasis.
Methods:
One thousand three hundred and four patients who underwent EST between July 1996 and June 1998, were enrolled. As a hemostatic treatment, epinephrine spray was initially used. If bleeding persisted, epinephrine injection was performed consecutively. In patients with exposed vessels, epinephrine injection followed by alcohol injection was given.
Results:
EST-induced hemorrhage occurred in 136 (10.4%) patients. Types of sphincterotome (needle-knife sphincterotome, p=0.025) and cutting speed (so-called, zipper cut, p=O.049) were revealed as significant variables for the occurrence of bleeding. Mild, moderate, and severe bleeding were noted in 108 (79.4%), 22 (16.2%), and six (4.4%) patients, respectively. Once bleeding occurred , patients with an associated ampullary lesion (impacted stone or cancer) or with coagulopathy were more likely to bleed profusely. Initial hemostasis was achieved in all patients. However, rebleeding occurred in eight patients who were initially classified in the moderate or severe bleeding group. Finally, EST­-induced hemorrhage was successfully controlled in all patients after 1-3 treatment sessions (mean: 1.1 sessions). The difference in the incidence of complications between the groups with and without endoscopic hemostasis, was not statistically significant. Conclusion: EST-induced hemorrhage occurred in 10% of the patients studied. Use of needle-knife sphincterotome and cutting speed were independent risk factors for bleeding occurrence. Once bleeding occurred, its severity was affected by the associated ampullary lesion (impacted stone or cancer) or coagulopathy. Endoscopic hemostasis with epinephrine and /or alcohol was effective and safe in EST-induced hemorrhage.
Keywords: Endoscopic biliary sphincterotomy, Endoscopic hemostasis, Epinephrine, Alcohol
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